tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5325409295891361982024-03-13T03:56:15.929-07:00LEAP economicsUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger490125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-32221993858416330292014-03-29T02:58:00.000-07:002014-03-30T05:44:59.943-07:00Economists Against Austerity present: Mariana Mazzucato<div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://amazingsusansblog.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/mariana-mazzucato-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://amazingsusansblog.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/mariana-mazzucato-2.jpg" height="200" width="161" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">The next meeting of Economists Against Austerity is pleased to have <b>Prof. Mariana Mazzucato</b> as the key speaker on what really happens in the process of innovation. A<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(252, 252, 252);">ndrew Simms (Global Witness) will respond.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">This promises to be a different take on the relationship between innovation and inequality: it’s not about skills but value extraction</span>.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;">The talk will focus on the relationship between the State and the Market. I will argue that the State not only ‘fixes’ different problem/failures in the market (of which there are many) but also actively shapes and creates markets. It does so in the face of extreme risk and uncertainty. The different implications of this will be considered (theoretical, empirical, and ‘political’) of the blindness of economics (as a discipline) to understanding the State as market maker and lead risk-taker in capitalist economies - beyond the traditional ‘market failure’ framework. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #2d2829;"><span style="color: black;">The talk will build on her recent book</span> </span><a href="http://entrepreneurialstate.anthempressblog.com/" target="_blank"><span style="background: white;">The Entrepreneurial State: debunking private vs. public sector myth</span></a><span style="background: white; color: #2d2829;">s <span style="color: black;">as well as recent work with Bill Lazonick on the relationship between innovation and inequality.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">The Entrepreneurial State and the Risk-Reward Relationship </span></b></div><b></b><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">April 1, </span></b></div><b></b><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">Portcullis House, Thatcher Room 6.30-8.30pm</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;">NB: Security at Parliament has been very slow recently. Please aim to arrive at 6pm for 6.30pm. Meetings are open to the public, no invitation required.</span><br /><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Find out more at <a href="http://economistsagainstausterity.wordpress.com/2014/03/24/prof-mariana-mazzucato/" target="_blank">Economists Against Austerity</a></span> </span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-86695791454830573572014-03-27T06:39:00.000-07:002014-03-30T05:44:59.967-07:00Santander fined £12m for bad advice<br /><i>Santander staff were not trained properly and didn't grasp customers' circumstances or the level or risk they were prepared to take</i><br /><br /><b>by Will Stone</b><br /><a href="http://cached.imagescaler.hbpl.co.uk/resize/scaleWidth/620/?sUrl=http://offlinehbpl.hbpl.co.uk/news/OKM/35588D26-DA0A-7761-CEE8D2C3A142E700.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://cached.imagescaler.hbpl.co.uk/resize/scaleWidth/620/?sUrl=http://offlinehbpl.hbpl.co.uk/news/OKM/35588D26-DA0A-7761-CEE8D2C3A142E700.JPG" height="161" width="320" /></a><br />Santander was fined £12.4 million yesterday for giving nearly 300,000 customers bad advice.<br /> <br />The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) said it had uncovered "serious failings" in the investment advice the bank gave to about 295,000 people - most of them pensioners.<br /> <br />Santander staff were not trained properly and didn't grasp customers' circumstances or the level or risk they were prepared to take, the FCA said.<br /> <br />The bank also failed to make sure information was clear and didn't regularly check the suitability of investments.<br /> <br />The FCA said customers were at "significant risk" of receiving bad advice between January 2010 and December 2012.<br /> <br />Santander signed people up to nearly 350,000 investments worth £7 billion over that period.<br /> The poor advice was exposed by a mystery shopper probe carried out by former regulator FSA at banks in 2012.<br /> <br />It caught Santander staff telling customers that their investments will "likely double" and that "in 10 years it will beat cash by 87 per cent" even though the term was for five years and returns were not guaranteed.<br /> <br />Customers were generally aged 60 or over and the average investment was £24,000.<br /> <br />Left Economics Advisory Panel co-ordinator Andrew Fisher welcomed the fine but said Santander bosses should face charges.<br /> <br />"In the wake of the bank crash and the scandals of PPI and Libor, this is yet another example of the corrupt UK banking culture which has ripped off people and small businesses.<br /> <br />"Scandalously it is clear that Santander encouraged staff to mislead financially naive and vulnerable elderly customers into buying inappropriate products."<br /> <br />Santander said it has since overhauled parts of its business.<br /> <br />It will contact affected customers and compensate those left out of pocket but the FCA said redress was likely to be minimal given that investment returns have been boosted by rising stock markets in recent years.<br /><br /><i>This article first appeared in <a href="http://morningstaronline.co.uk/a-2769-Santander-fined-12m-for-bad-advice" target="_blank">the Morning Star</a></i><a href="http://morningstaronline.co.uk/a-2769-Santander-fined-12m-for-bad-advice" target="_blank"> </a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-73687968169573624392014-03-24T15:33:00.000-07:002014-03-30T05:44:59.979-07:00Five reasons why Labour MPs should oppose the welfare cap<b></b><br /><b></b><br /><br />Despite Ed Balls saying Labour will back the welfare cap, because Ed Miliband has already expressed support for a welfare cap, here are five reasons why Labour MPs should vote against on Wednesday (26 March). If you have a Labour MP, email them (<a href="http://www.leftfutures.org/2014/03/lobby-your-mp-to-join-labour-rebellion-against-social-security-cap/#more-25770" target="_blank">template letter via Left Futures</a>).<br /><b> </b><br /><b>1. It means need is subject to an arbitrary cap</b><br /><br />The welfare state was founded on the principle of "from each according to their ability, to each according to their need". <br /><br />This government has failed to address that need: it's welfare programmes are failing - from the Work Programme to the Youth Contract to the Work Capability Assessment. Failing privatised schemes need capping, people in need do not.<br /><br /><b>2. It feeds the Tory myth that spending is out of control</b><br /><br />In fact the UK spends less on social security than other developed nations, and before the recession welfare spending was falling (<a href="http://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/socialsecurityspending.pdf" target="_blank">read more here, via TUC</a>).<br /><br />France, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and the Czech Republic all spend more than the UK on social security (see chart below, using OECD data)<br /><br /><img alt="" height="400" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="640" /><br /><b>3. It does nothing to challenge the reasons for high welfare spending</b><br /><br />Low pay, weak trade union rights and an unregulated rental market. When pay is too low or there isn't enough work, people become eligible for tax credits and housing benefit. As the 1945 Labour manifesto said, “there is no reason why Britain should not afford such programmes but she will need full employment and the highest possible industrial efficiency in order to do so”. This government has failed to meet those criteria.<br /><br />Both tax credits and housing benefit for people in work are subject to the welfare cap. If wages continue to lag behind inflation, and rental costs continue to exceed inflation, that will mean welfare costs rise. Under this proposal, disabled people's benefits or pensioners' winter fuel allowance could be cut because landlords jack up rents or because employers don't give decent pay rises. <br /><br /><b>4. This is feeding the demonisation of people on benefits </b><br />Disabled people have already suffered the most under this government's cuts to social security - with the failed Work Capability Assessment for Employment and Support Allowance (ESA), the cuts to Disability Living Allowance (DLA), the closure of Remploy and the forthcoming abolition of the Independent Living Fund. Both DLA and ESA are within the welfare cap.<br /><br />They have also suffered <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19589602" target="_blank">a massive rise in disability hate crime</a>, which follows the demonisation of those on benefits by Tory politicians using the divisive language of 'skivers', 'shirkers' and 'scroungers' - which has then been echoed in the media.<br /><br /><b>5. It does nothing to help those in real need</b><br />With half a million families using food banks, an extra million people in poverty, homelessness rising, and the number of families housed in B&B accommodation at a ten year high - what will a welfare cap do for them?<br /><br />It is a gimmick, but a nasty gimmick. And Labour MPs should reject it.<br /><br /><i>p.s. if Labour MPs want to know how to cut welfare spending from a socialist perspective, <a href="http://labourlist.org/2012/06/a-socially-just-welfare-state-would-slash-spending-says-a-lefty/" target="_blank">read this</a></i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-71931422540072156742014-03-22T00:33:00.000-07:002014-03-30T05:45:00.011-07:00An economy as if people mattered<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument></xml><![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><a href="http://classonline.org.uk/files/Andrew_Fisher.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://classonline.org.uk/files/Andrew_Fisher.JPG" height="200" width="200" /></a><b>Andrew Fisher's speech for People's Budget at the Southampton People's Assembly</b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><i><br /></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><i>After a minute's applause for both Tony Benn and Bob Crow, these are the notes from which I made my speech (with a few ad libs!)at the Southampton <a href="http://www.thepeoplesassembly.org.uk/" target="_blank">People's Assembly</a> on 20 March, responding to the Budget and arguing for an economy as if people mattered:</i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Well I hope you’re grateful.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Two years ago the Chancellor was taxing your pasties – that is what you people eat isn’t it?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">And taxing your caravans – that is how you people holiday?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">But now look:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">You’re getting tax cuts on beer and bingo (or working class culture as the Chancellor calls it). See, tax cuts aren’t just for big business and millionaires, they’re for you – the little people – too!</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Budget 2014</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">So aside from the Tories'<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lame efforts to persuade us they're on our side, what were the main things we learned in the Budget? </div><ul><li>No end to austerity: because it’s ideological - by 2018 public spending will be lower than at any time since 1948 - the year in which the NHS was founded. "Rolling back the state", but going further than Thatcher ever managed. And if anything austerity is being ratcheted up. Public spending has risen by less than inflation (so a real terms cut), but his estimate for 2015-18 is for cuts to public spending in absolute terms </li><li>ISAs – who can save £15,000? Someone working full-time on the minimum wage doesn't even earn £15,000 a year.</li><li>And what's underpinning Osborne's forecast for more growth? The assumption is more household debt - which will rise to the levels that precipitated the crisis. There's also some utterly delusional figures for business investment rising between 8-10% year-on-year for the next three years.</li><li>An array of green taxes were scrapped or capped in the Budget, making more of a mockery of the Coalition's "greenest government ever" rhetoric. </li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What the Budget didn’t address</b></div><ul><li>Pay – it did nothing for people's wages and falling living standards. As Bob Crow said: </li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://fbcdn-sphotos-b-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/t1.0-9/1979726_10152002413373201_5383208_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-b-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/t1.0-9/1979726_10152002413373201_5383208_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><ul><li>The Housing crisis – nothing in there that will build the homes our country needs, nothing to tackle rising homelessness or the rising costs of paying the rent. We are back to a pre-war situation where more of us are dependent on private landlords, with not enough council housing and fewer able to afford a mortgage.</li></ul><ul><li>Jobs or industrial strategy – far from being a budget for 'doers', following his 'march of the makers' budget, OBR projections show UK exports falling in future years. This is a government - to be fair, like those before them for the last 35 years - without a serious labour market or industrial strategy. The recovery in unemployment is due to low wage, insecure jobs.</li></ul><ul><li>And the energy crisis – nothing to tackle the fuel poverty which disproportionately affects the poorest pensioners; and nothing to address the UK's woeful investment in renewable energy, in which we lag behind the rest<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of Europe. </li></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What sort of economy we want</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">While Osborne rattles on about his modest and delayed economic growth, and the 24 hour news tells us every hour how the FTSE is doing, what would an economy look like as if people mattered?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Five questions, I think would matter to most people:</div><ol><li>Are we reducing poverty and inequality?</li><li>Is unemployment falling?</li><li>Are people's living standards rising?</li><li>Is the tax gap - the £120bn of avoided, evaded and uncollected tax - reducing?</li><li>Is the economy stable and environmentally sustainable? </li></ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">If we want that economy, an economy that acts in our interests, then we need greater economy democracy. Tony Benn said:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCcjXAqxJi-ru4JIg_qQ_9X7ztSH0IouA-VT9k2DIkD5_cZHQMpjgfXxDjhG92u_ms8i9-YdgkJxAyw2wW5B16JaZJWbDc3j62xebZ37-WYyoxGLXJmK-WF-_ZXVrgSPwnDL1Nos3GJP_N/s1600/Tony-Benn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCcjXAqxJi-ru4JIg_qQ_9X7ztSH0IouA-VT9k2DIkD5_cZHQMpjgfXxDjhG92u_ms8i9-YdgkJxAyw2wW5B16JaZJWbDc3j62xebZ37-WYyoxGLXJmK-WF-_ZXVrgSPwnDL1Nos3GJP_N/s1600/Tony-Benn.jpg" height="192" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">And you can see how that happened, we built the NHS, the welfare state, council housing, comprehensive education, and brought the utilities under public control. And sadly we can see how that has been reversed through privatisation - anti-democratically transferring power back from the ballot to the wallet, from the polling station to the marketplace.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">For me anything too important to fail should be in public ownership - if we want an economy where people matter. And we need economic rights, individually and collectively. The right to a minimum income, protection from being made redundant - why on Earth are profitable companies allowed to make people redundant - taking away people's jobs to give bigger bonuses to directors or higher dividends to shareholders?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">And trade union rights restored, so that we can protect our jobs, pay, pensions and fight for better working conditions.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">I hope that's a good basis for discussion. 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SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style><![endif]--><ul><li><i><a href="https://twitter.com/AndrewFisher79" target="_blank">Andrew Fisher</a> is LEAP Co-ordinator and author of the forthcoming book <a href="http://www.radicalread.co.uk/forthcoming-titles/6-forthcoming-titles" target="_blank">The Failed Experiment ... and how to build an economy that works</a></i></li></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-42285428743252811342014-03-21T05:05:00.000-07:002014-03-30T05:45:00.023-07:00Tony Benn: "What a world we would have created if we had listened to him"<br /><b>LEAP Chair John McDonnell MP pays tribute to Tony Benn</b><br /><br /><a href="https://fbexternal-a.akamaihd.net/safe_image.php?d=AQCMw-i0mMV03GuZ&w=398&h=208&url=http%3A%2F%2Fi1.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F6495ZaiM11E%2Fmaxresdefault.jpg&cfs=1" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://fbexternal-a.akamaihd.net/safe_image.php?d=AQCMw-i0mMV03GuZ&w=398&h=208&url=http%3A%2F%2Fi1.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F6495ZaiM11E%2Fmaxresdefault.jpg&cfs=1" width="320" /></a><a href="http://youtu.be/6495ZaiM11E" target="_blank">LEAP chair John McDonnell MP spoke in Parliament yesterday (20/03/14) paying tribute to Tony Benn</a> (click to watch via Youtube).<br /><br />John, who also chairs the Socialist Campaign Group of Labour MPs (founded by Tony Benn), said:<br /><br />"I want to go back not to the manifesto of 1983, but to Labour’s programme of 1982, which was the Bennite programme, and virtually all of it was written by Tony Benn. It is worth looking back at what it said. It was absolutely prophetic. It basically said, “We will create a society that is more democratic, more fair, more just and more equal.” How would we do it? Tony’s ideas in that programme were straightforward: we would undertake a fundamental, irreversible shift in the redistribution of wealth and power. How would we do that? Through a fair and just tax system, tackling tax evasion and tax avoidance, taking control of the Bank of England, preventing speculation in the City and the banks because it could be dangerous to our long-term economic health, and creating full employment. That is what he was about. That is what he inspired us to do.<br /><br /><a href="http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000fIxmUg3Zhs0/s/750/750/VAW027.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000fIxmUg3Zhs0/s/750/750/VAW027.jpg" height="210" width="320" /></a><a class="anchor" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="stpa_o53"></a><a class="anchor" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="140320-0001.htm_para53"></a><a class="anchor" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="14032059000277"></a>"It is interesting that he said we should invest in housing, health and education; give all young people the opportunity to stay on at school with an education maintenance allowance; and make sure that they had a guarantee of an apprenticeship or training and the opportunity to go to university, not by paying a fee but on a grant. That was his programme in 1982. It was prophetic and years in advance of its time. He said that what we needed to create the wealth was an industrial strategy—a manufacturing base based on new technology and skills. Actually, I remember him talking in one of his speeches about alternative energy sources, well in advance of the debate about climate change.<br /><br />"He inspired my generation and he inspired generations to come. What a world we would have created if we had listened to him. But more important, what a world we can create now if we listen to him.<br /><br />"Solidarity and go well, comrade. You made a significant contribution to all of our lives. I hope we will be able to implement the lessons you taught us, when Labour next gets back into power."<br /><br /><i>The above are extracts from John's speech. <a href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmhansrd/cm140320/debtext/140320-0001.htm#14032059000937" target="_blank">Read it in full</a></i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-65080463112824901752014-03-18T00:15:00.000-07:002014-03-30T05:45:00.055-07:00Democratise companies to rein in excessive banker bonuses<br /><a href="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/05/27/prem_sikka_140x140.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/05/27/prem_sikka_140x140.jpg" /></a><b>Prem Sikka</b> <br /><br />In times of austerity, one of few things that seems to be booming is the trade in wheelbarrows. At least, company directors at major corporations will need them to collect vast amounts of remuneration they continue to award themselves, with the help of ineffective remuneration committees.<br /><br />The financial dealers on <a href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/03/12/wall-street-bonuses-go-up-as-the-number-of-jobs-goes-down/?_php=true&_type=blogs&hpw&rref=business&_r=0">Wall Street</a> have collected about US$26.7 billion in bonus payments, the equivalent of a year’s pay for the 1.1m workers on the minimum wage. The UK is not far behind. Bonuses in the <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/money/news/article-2577578/London-bankers-enjoy-highest-bonus-compared-global-colleagues.html">City of London</a> have increased by 49% compared to 2012, a higher figure than for Wall Street.<br /><br />The chief executive of the crisis-ridden <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/031b78ac-a86b-11e3-a946-00144feab7de.html#axzz2vpwi8fdY">Cooperative Bank</a>, Euan Sutherland, was to receive a remuneration package of £3.5 million, but has <a href="https://theconversation.com/euan-sutherlands-attempt-to-seize-the-soul-of-the-co-op-has-ended-in-revolt-24255">since resigned</a>. The state-owned <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-26486059">Royal Bank of Scotland</a> declared a loss of about £8 billion, but has given 11 directors a bonus package worth about £18.25m between them. At <a href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/03/05/uk-lloyds-annual-report-idUKBREA2417N20140305">Barclays and Lloyds Bank</a>, the chief executives could be collecting more than £7m each. Of course, wheelbarrows come in handy at other corporate boardrooms too. Despite the costs arising from the Deepwater Horizon disaster, the pay packet of the <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/06/us-bp-salary-idUSBREA2519S20140306">BP</a> chief executive has tripled to US$8.7m (£5.2m).<br /><br />The corporate boardrooms are addicted to bonuses, but are the bonuses justified? The claims for bonuses and excessive rewards presuppose that executives exert superhuman efforts to generate wealth. The anatomy of corporate decisions does not really support that. When a new executive arrives at an organisation, for some time s/he is likely to be managing and living off products, services and strategies already in place. So the claims of distinctive contribution are hard to sustain.<br /><br />Now suppose an executive decides to launch a new product or a project; this will always take some time to develop, plan and launch. The same applies if the mission is to rescue an ailing business. The success or failure of the new projects will not be known for many months or years. Meanwhile, the company will probably incur upfront costs, with no guarantee that the outlays will be recouped. Even after the initial celebrations, the product/service may turn out to be a failure and become a costly burden, as evidenced by payment protection insurance and other financial scandals.<br /><br />Even if new ventures are successful, the success will depend on the involvement of other employees. It is hard to relate the success of anything to the efforts of few superstar executives. If the success cannot easily be related to the input of one person then the idea of performance-related pay becomes highly problematic. This suggests that higher rewards are claimed simply because some individuals or groups have sufficient power and control to give themselves disproportionate rewards.<br /><br />So the question then is how to control the institutionalised fat-cattery. The UK government’s preferred solution is to <a href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1981/pdfs/uksi_20131981_en.pdf">empower shareholders</a> by giving them a binding vote on executive remuneration. Such a step assumes that shareholders are owners of companies and bear most of the risks, and will somehow act in the interests of broader society. The evidence for this is not persuasive.<br /><br />Shareholders in UK banks have average shareholding duration of about <a href="http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Documents/speeches/2011/speech525.pdf">three months</a>. Their position is no different from that of a speculator or a trader seeking short-term gains. They don’t have strong incentives to constrain directors. The UK Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards looked at the operations of <a href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201213/jtselect/jtpcbs/144/144.pdf">HBOS</a> and concluded that shareholders did not exert “the effective pressure that might have acted as a constraint upon the flawed strategy of the bank”.<br /><br />The <a href="http://www.parliament.uk/documents/banking-commission/Banking-final-report-volume-i.pdf">commission</a> also noted that “shareholders failed to control risk-taking in banks, and indeed were criticising some for excessive conservatism”. Shareholders often profit from harmful practices without any personal responsibility. A company can be mandated to sell harmful products, for example, cigarettes. Shareholders can share the resulting profits, but are not personally liable for because they are shielded by the doctrine of limited liability. Thus shareholder irresponsibility is written into the system and they don’t have strong incentives to consider the social good.<br /><br />Besides, <a href="http://classonline.org.uk/docs/2014_Banking_in_the_public_interest_-_Prem_Sikka.pdf">shareholders don’t provide most of the risk capital</a> either. At major UK banks, shareholders only provide between 4.22% and 7.24% of total capital. The rest is provided by savers and creditors. Therefore, it is hard to make a good case for shareholder supremacy.<br /><br />The proper approach is to empower the public. In the case of banks; employees, savers and borrowers are a good proxy for the public at large. They should appoint directors and vote on their remuneration. Elsewhere, employees, consumers and suppliers could be mobilised to invigilate directors as they all have a long-term interest in the welfare of the company. In a democratised company, directors are unlikely to get high remuneration without paying attention to the interests of employees and other stakeholders.<br /><ul><li><i>This article first appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/democratise-companies-to-rein-in-excessive-banker-bonuses-24436" target="_blank">The Conversation website</a></i> </li></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-48469190170530311062014-03-15T14:44:00.000-07:002014-03-30T05:45:00.065-07:00Tony Benn - a tribute<br />Tony Benn: "Democracy transferred power from the wallet to the ballot"<br /><br /><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/taPYx1ft0mU" width="560"></iframe><br /><br />For all British socialists - and many around the world - Tony Benn was an iconic and inspirational figure. He perhaps developed the political philosophy of 'democratic socialism' more than any other Labour politician. In the video clip above, from the 2008 LEAP conference, Tony explained how democracy challenged capitalism - and how capitalism fought back against democracy.<br /><br />LEAP Chair John McDonnell MP tweeted: "Tony Benn was the articulate advocate for socialism who inspired my generation and gave people hope of a fair and equal society."<br /><br />LEAP Co-ordinator Andrew Fisher posted: "Tony Benn - inspired generations of socialists (including me) with his warmth, integrity and ideas" <br /><br />John Hilary of War on Want tweeted, "RIP Tony Benn: a true internationalist, comrade in the fight for global justice and long-term friend of <a class="twitter-atreply pretty-link" dir="ltr" href="https://twitter.com/WarOnWant"><s>@</s><b>WarOnWant</b></a>"<br /><br />Tax justice campaigner Richard Murphy, said: "Tony Benn: simply a hero. RIP"<br /><br />Katy Clark MP posted on Twitter: "Very sad news about Tony Benn. A great socialist thinker who made a massive impact. A huge loss. My thoughts are with all who loved him." <br /><br />Paul Mason, former Newsnight economicscorrespondent, tweeted, "At Labour conf in 1980 & heard <a class="twitter-hashtag pretty-link js-nav" data-query-source="hashtag_click" dir="ltr" href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23Benn&src=hash"><s>#</s><b>Benn</b></a> riveting call for 1) abolish the Lords 2) industrial democracy act 3) repeal EU powers - like detonator"<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BirPupDCMAAuBKv.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BirPupDCMAAuBKv.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-48507586532570821452014-02-27T07:46:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.096-07:00The Banking Reform Act is rearranging the deck chairs on the neoliberal Titanic<a href="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/05/27/prem_sikka_140x140.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/05/27/prem_sikka_140x140.jpg" /></a><b> </b><br /><b>Prem Sikka</b><br /><br /><i>A <a href="http://classonline.org.uk/pubs/item/banking-in-the-public-interest" target="_blank">new report from the Centre for Labour and Social Studies</a> highlights the failure of the Banking Reform Act to deal with any of the problems at the core of the 2007/8 collapse. Here, its author explains what's really going on.</i><br /><br />Some six years after the banking crash, the UK has wheeled out its answer – the <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/banking-reform-act-becomes-law">Banking Reform Act</a>. Some deckchairs have been rearranged, but little attention has been paid to the key drivers of the crisis. <br /><br />The biggest financial crisis has coincided with the rise of neoliberalism, which emphasised faith in free markets and light-touch regulation. The notion of competition is a key concept and is applied to every sector of society, including corporations, regions, government departments, hospitals, and universities because this somehow secures efficient allocation of resources and opens the door to wealth and riches. Neoliberalism provides everyday understandings of what it means to be successful. It reconstructs individuals as competitive beings engaged in the endless pursuit of private wealth and consumption. In common with other sectors of society, individuals are expected to have strategies for meeting performance targets and be rewarded accordingly. Thus, performance related pay for executives has become endemic. A necessary condition for the operation of markets and pursuit of self-interest is that all individuals, including business enterprises, need to be constrained by social norms and regulatory structures. But this has not been high on the neoliberal agenda because the state is bad and inefficient and has to be rolled-back, and the self-correcting markets would restore some mythical equilibrium. Well, it has not turned out that way.<br /> <br />The fault lines of neoliberalism have long been evident. The mid-1970s secondary banking crash highlighted empires built on fraud. The state dutifully bailed out banks, property and insurance companies. In 1984, Johnson Matthey Bank collapsed under the weight of fraud and the Bank of England organised a rescue. In 1995, Barings Bank collapsed due to fraud. The twentieth century’s biggest banking frauds took place at the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (<a href="http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/">BCCI</a>). In July 1991, the Bank of England closed BCCI. Some 1.4 million depositors lost some part of their savings. In an environment of weak regulation, banks continued to pick customers’ pockets by selling useless<a href="http://visar.csustan.edu/aaba/PensionsMongraph.pdf">, pensions</a>, mortgages and saving schemes.<br /> <br />Neoliberalism, remained the key philosophy for governments. The 2008 banking crash showed that banks made vast amount of money from running <a href="http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-1208_en.htm?locale=en">illegal cartels</a>, <a href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/Users/User/AppData/Local/Temp/scp20124/ufs/serva03/users/prems/Research%20Papers/money%20laundering%20http:/www.hsgac.senate.gov/subcommittees/investigations/hearings/us-vulnerabilities-to-money-laundering-drugs-and-terrorist-financing-hsbc-case-history">money laundering</a>, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/jun/15/rajat-gupta-guilty-leaking-insider?newsfeed=true">insider trading</a>, <a href="http://visar.csustan.edu/aaba/PINSTRIPEMAFIA.pdf">tax dodges</a>, manipulation of <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20767984">interest rates</a>, selling <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-26043498">abusive products</a>, <a href="http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2010/2010-123.htm">misleading investors</a> and <a href="http://www.fca.org.uk/news/press-releases/fca-fines-lloyds-banking-group-firms-for-serious-sales-incentive-failings">consumers</a>. Markets celebrated higher corporate profits and did not ask any questions about the quality of profits, or the social consequences of banking practices. Bank executives collected vast sums of money from performance related contracts.<br /> <br />Markets did not come forward to rescue banks. It was the state, which has been restructured rather than rolled-back, which bailed out banks. Under the weight of neoliberal ideologies it is now less concerned about the redistribution of income and wealth, labour rights, or the provision of decent healthcare, education, pensions and social infrastructure. It has shunned any attempt to democratise corporations or enhance their public accountability. Its major purpose is now to guarantee corporate profits and socialise losses, a kind of reverse socialism has been institutionalised. <br /><br />The UK state has committed some <a href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_352865.pdf">£976 billion</a> of loans and guarantees support distressed banks and also handed over another £375 billion under its <a href="http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/education/Documents/targettwopointzero/t2p0_qe_supplement.pdf">quantitative easing</a> programme. During the boom years of 2002 to 2007, the financial sector paid <a href="http://www.cresc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wp%2075.pdf">£203 billion</a> in UK corporation tax, national insurance, VAT, payroll taxes, stamp duty and insurance taxes. Between 1991 and 2007, it created around 35,000 <a href="http://www.cresc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wp%2075.pdf">additional jobs</a>. But it received vast stacks of money in return. Confidence in the banking sector is maintained through the provision of a taxpayer funded depositor protection scheme which safeguards savings of individuals of up to £85,000. Since March 2009, the state has maintained interest rates at 0.5%, considerably below the rate of inflation. This has robbed pensioners and savers of income and also eroded the real value of savings. The policy has enabled banks to borrow at ultra-cheap rates, lend at high rates, make profits and replenish their balance sheets. The customer base for banks has swelled as the government has persuaded pensioners and social security claimants to receive their payments through bank accounts rather than through the Post Office. The Private Finance Initiative has been a bonanza for banks and other corporations. In 2012, there were over 700 contracts with a capital value of £54.7 billion. The government is committed to <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2012/jul/05/pfi-cost-300bn">repaying</a>£301 billion over the next 25-30 years, a profit of nearly £247 billion. <br /><br />The <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/banking-reform-act-becomes-law">Banking Reform Act</a> does not check fat-cattery or speculative practices. The sunlight of democracy and public accountability is an effective antidote to shady practices, but is missing from the Act as it does not connect with neoliberal values. The Act should have separated speculative banking from the rest. To prevent speculators from contaminating the economy, the privilege of limited liability should have been withdrawn from all gambling. Instead of banking elites regulating the banks for the benefit of the industry a Board of Stakeholders, representing a plurality of interests, should have been created to guide the regulator. This Board should not be dominated by the finance industry. In fact, only a minority should come from the industry, thus ensuring that other voices are heard and policies are made by consensus. Its meetings would be held in the open and its minutes and working papers would be publicly available. <br /><br />Employees, savers and borrowers have long-term interests and should elect directors and vote on their remuneration. Instead, the government is obsessed with shareholders who are often the source of problems. The <a href="http://www.parliament.uk/documents/banking-commission/Banking-final-report-volume-i.pdf">Parliamentary </a><a href="http://www.parliament.uk/documents/banking-commission/Banking-final-report-volume-i.pdf">Commission on Banking Standards</a>concluded that “shareholders failed to control risk-taking in banks, and indeed were criticising some for excessive conservatism”. The typical <a href="http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Documents/speeches/2011/speech525.pdf">shareholding</a>period in banks is about three months. Shareholders provide only a small amount of risk capital at banks. For example, at Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds Banking Group, Royal Bank of Scotland and Standard Chartered, shareholders provide about 5%, 7%, 5%, 5.5% and 7.25% respectively of total capital. Shareholders are akin to traders and speculators and cannot invigilate bank directors. <br /> <br />In time, the missed opportunities for opening a new chapter in banking regulation will haunt the UK.<br /><br /><ul><li><a href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/prem-sikka/banking-reform-act-is-rearranging-deck-chairs-on-neoliberal-titanic" target="_blank"><i>This article first appeared on Open Democracy.</i></a></li></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-44658563953847652072014-02-14T04:32:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.106-07:00Posturing over the pound<br /><a href="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/About/General/2011/10/11/1318341678184/Scotland-flag-007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/About/General/2011/10/11/1318341678184/Scotland-flag-007.jpg" height="192" width="320" /></a>The debate about what currency Scotland could, would or should have has sprung into life now that the SNP's white paper proposal for 'keeping the pound' has been rejected by all of the major Westminster parties, and the Liberal Democrats too.<br /><br />This represents a new stage in the debate, with the stakes ramped up for both sides. But if we sweep aside the political posturing, the debate over the last few days has revealed - to this disinterested observer - some interesting truths:<br /><br /><b>1. The establishment is worried by the prospect of a 'Yes' vote </b><br /><br />The unity among the leaderships of the Tories, Labour and Liberal Democrats (and UKIP incidentally) reinforced by the unusual decision to publish the advice of a senior civil servant is a clear indication that the establishment is concerned about the prospect of Scotland seceding from the union.<br /><br />You might argue that this consensus is a reflection that currency union is a bad idea (especially for Scotland), but <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/279460/Sir_Nicholas_Macpherson_-_Scotland_and_a_currency_union.pdf" target="_blank">Sir Nicholas MacPherson's letter</a> and the statements of the three parties (working together for a No vote under the <a href="http://bettertogether.net/" target="_blank">Better Together</a> banner) go further than criticising currency union and contain some ridiculous scaremongering. The 'no' side - ahead in all the polls - is obviously worried though.<br /><br />And it has good reason. If Scotland votes to leave and is refused currency union, it could quite legitimately reject the UK debt (a possibility acknowledged in MacPherson's paper). However, even if Scotland took a share of the national debt (based on population size) it would have a debt to GDP ratio of 81%, compared with 104% for the rest of the UK (according to <a href="http://ner.sagepub.com/content/227/1/R14?etoc" target="_blank">an NIESR paper</a>). <br /><br />The Treasury paper implicitly acknowledges these possibilities but implicitly says the UK would get its way because "an extensive wrangle about [Scotland's] share of the debt would increase uncertainty and hence its funding costs". What it doesn't say is that is true too for the remaining UK ... and that's why they're worried.<br /><br /><b>2. HM Treasury believes the Euro is still bad for the UK</b><br /><br />It believes that economic union is problematic without political union - and that economic independence is incompatible with currency union. In this it is right: witness how a technocrat was imposed in Italy and government policy imposed in Greece (and elsewhere) under Eurozone orthodoxy.<br /><b><br /></b><b>3. The SNP is economically bankrupt</b><br /><br />The SNP clearly lacks the confidence to argue for an independent currency under a central bank of Scotland. Instead it wants a more familiar and convenient currency<b> </b>union with the UK, knowing that it will inevitably mean that Scotland would not be economically independent.<br /><br />At best Scotland might get one seat on the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England (given size of economy or population), and the interests of the Scottish economy would be totally marginalised (it is arguable that is the case now since the Bank of England largely operates in the interests of the City of London's square mile, but then why vote for independence only to accept the situation of pre-independence?)<br /><br />As such an 'independent' Scotland under the SNP's vision would leave Scotland as a crown dependency, similar to the Isle of Man or Jersey. Given that Salmond's economic vision has previously been to <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9e21522a-8ef7-11e1-ab32-00144feab49a.html" target="_blank">turn Scotland into a tax haven</a>, maybe that's the aim. Scotland as an outpost of the City of London?<br /><br /><b>4. The UK banks are still fragile, and if they crash again the establishment will bail them out again</b><br /><br />The Treasury paper states "Scotland's banking sector is far too big in relation to its national income, which means that there is a very real risk that the continuing UK would end up bearing most of the liquidity and solvency risk". So the Westminster consensus still believes if banks fail they should be bailed out exactly as before. They have learned nothing from the greatest crash in over a century - their neoliberal ideology remains unshaken. The SNP does not demur from this, nor suggest the Icelandic route.<br /><b><br /></b><b>Conclusion</b><br /><br />These points do not make the case for either a yes or no vote in the referendum. What they point out is that however Scotland votes, it will be governed by people unable to govern in their economic interests.<br /><br />What is also reveals is that the referendum debate is likely to step up, with more vitriol and posturing, that will make independence negotiations more difficult if Scotland does vote yes.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-46660148191725510952014-02-12T01:03:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.137-07:00IFS is right to back Land Value Tax<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> 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mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style><![endif]--> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="http://www.labourland.org/images/llc_logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.labourland.org/images/llc_logo.png" /></a>Dave Wetzel, President of the Labour Land Campaign congratulates the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) on its conclusion in its <a href="http://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/7072" target="_blank">Green Budget 2014</a>that a Land Value Tax on all commercial land would be more efficient and better for businesses than the current Business Rates system.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">The IFS states that a land value tax “would remove altogether the disincentive to develop and use property that business rates creates”.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">The Labour Land Campaign agrees that taxes on buildings act as a disincentive to use commercial sites efficiently but also that taxes on business are not only inefficient but are easily avoided and evaded whereas because land is immobile, an annual tax on the economic rent of each site according to its optimum permitted use cannot be defrauded and acts as an incentive to use valuable land in towns and cities efficiently and discourages the land hoarding and speculation that forces prices up.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Dave Wetzel says "The Institute for Fiscal Studies’ work showing the greater efficiency of Land Value Tax is a huge step forward for the UK to see a fundamental shift in taxation off earned incomes, savings and production and on to land and other natural resource rents. Land is not produced by human endeavour and land wealth is created as a result of public and private investments which we all pay for as tax-payers and consumers and not by the landowners who benefit financially."</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">The Labour Land Campaign recognises that most current taxes in the UK are unfair and inefficient. Income Tax along with National Insurance Contributions and Corporations Taxes are avoided and evaded by many, leaving the tax bill to be picked up by honest and less devious taxpayers. Everyone pays tax in some form or other directly or indirectly and those taxes pay for our public services that create and add to land value in the UK including transport, health care, good state schools, parks and so on but it is owners of land that reap the unearned income of land wealth through no effort on their part.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">By reducing taxes on wages and business and introducing an annual Land Value Tax, land will be used more efficiently, demand for building on green land will greatly reduce and speculation in land prices increasing will disappear. Employment will grow as investors are encouraged to expand current businesses and start up new ones all over the UK and the land wealth which is created by all of us will be collected and used for the public good.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-813490579987717502014-02-11T05:14:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.151-07:00Barclays and the sack race 2<br /><a href="http://wdm.org.uk/sites/default/files/images/foodspeculation/barclays1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://wdm.org.uk/sites/default/files/images/foodspeculation/barclays1.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a>Last year Barclays bank made a large profit and celebrated by sacking thousands of staff (<a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/02/barclays-and-sack-race.html" target="_blank">see Barclays and the sack race</a>).<br /><br />This year Barclays made even more profit - and so to celebrate will sack even more staff. Barclays adjusted pre-tax profits were £5.2 billion for 2013, that's £165 every second in profit. In a month that's £430 million.<br /><b><br /></b><b>The sack race</b><br /><br />Barclays also announced that it will be sacking up to 12,000 people (including 7,000 in the UK). So assuming every employee to be sacked is on the average UK full-time wage of £26,500, Barclays could afford to keep every single one of them on for a year (including NI and pension contributions) from less than one month's profits.<br /><br />As we said last year, no company should be able to make redundancies as long as it was profitable. After all, why should a company making profits be allowed to sack the workforce that produced those profits - simply to try to make higher profits for shareholders and to give ever larger bonuses to casino bankers?<br /><br /><b>Bonuses</b><br /><br />But take a look at where the money is going. Before profits are calculated, Barclays will £2.38 billion in bonuses to its investment bankers - the socially useless parasites of late capitalism - a 10% increase on last year. <br /><br />Instead of paying those bonuses (on top of above average wages) that £2.38 billion could pay for a golden goodbye of £200,000 to each of the 12,000 staff being sacked.<br /><br /><b>The Barclays model</b><br /><br />But it won't. Barclays' the epitome of a nihilistic cannibal capitalism, that strips jobs, pay and dignity away from the many to give riches to the few. This is the gratuitous redistribution of wealth from poor to rich.<br /><br />It also means customers will get worse service - those sacked staff will translate into few cashiers, fewer staff in call centres and possibly the closing of some high street branches. <br /><br /><ul><li>See also <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/ripped-off-uk-looks-for-radical.html" target="_blank">Ripped-Off UK looks for radical solutions</a></li></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-68143905085052744102014-02-04T02:41:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.182-07:00Winning the Living Wage at the Royal Opera House<div class="ecxMsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><br /><span id="ecxrole_document" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">The <a href="http://iwgb.org.uk/" target="_blank">Independent Workers Union (IWGB)</a> confirmed today that porters and cleaners working for MITIE at the Royal Opera House have secured a landmark victory in their fight for workplace justice that will lift them out of the poverty trap.</span></span></span><span style="background: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><br /><br /><a href="http://iwgbunion.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/roh-kes-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://iwgbunion.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/roh-kes-3.jpg" height="200" width="140" /></a><span style="background: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Workers at the Royal Opera House have overwhelmingly accepted an agreement with the facilities company MITIE which guarantees all porters and cleaners receive the London Living Wage of £8.80 per-hour.</span></span></div><br /><span id="ecxrole_document" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The workers voted by a 100% margin to strike during the BAFTA awards on 16<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span>February.<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span>Their campaign has won widespread support. Award winning director Ken Loach issued an appeal for support demanding “No-one should cross your picket lines”. The actors' union Equity and the Musicians Union wrote to the Royal Opera in support of the IWGB members. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Glenda Jackson</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> MP joined 25 other MPs signing Early Day Motion 919 tabled by John McDonnell MP in support of the workers.</span></span></span><br /><div class="ecxMsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">LEAP chair John McDonnell MP said:</span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><div class="ecxMsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span id="ecxrole_document" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">“This is a tremendous victory for the IWGB workers and it sends out a message to all low pay</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">employers that we are not willing to tolerate poverty pay and we're coming for you."</span></span></span></div></blockquote><span id="ecxrole_document" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">The Royal Opera saw a series of mass protests by trade unionists and students who invaded the premises demanding justice. Following failed talks at ACAS, the Royal Opera offered to pay the current Living Wage in April 2015. The IWGB made a counter offer for:</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">1 February 2014 the pay rate of £8.00 will apply; and</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> from 1 April 2014 the pay rate of £8.80 will apply. </span></span></span><span id="ecxrole_document" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><br /><div class="ecxMsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><br /><span id="ecxrole_document" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">The pay rise from <span style="font-family: Arial;">1 April represents a 25% increase from the cleaners' current pay of £7 per hour, but this increase (including employer national insurances costs) represents just 0.15% of the Royal Opera House's annual income. That's the equivalent of adding just 24p a ticket to every performance. </span></span></span></span><span id="ecxrole_document" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="ecxMsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><br /><span id="ecxrole_document" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">With the union campaign escalating MITIE and Royal Opera House finally agreed to the settlement<b>. </b>Chris Ford IWGB General Secretary said:</span></span></span><span id="ecxrole_document" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span id="ecxrole_document" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">“IWGB pays tribute to the courage and determination of our members. Combined with the solidarity of the labour movement, of students and youth, we have secured this fantastic victory. In five months we have gone from arrogant disdain by the employers to win the first pay rise in three years for these cleaners and porters. It is an example to all workers struggling to live at present.”</span></span> </span></blockquote></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-38876086495939516732014-01-30T14:38:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.192-07:00Corporate justice?<br />This blog has not shied away from taking a sideways approach to economics at times, and neither has it hesistated from looking at how economic power influences other spheres of life. One of those areas has been criminal justice - from <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2012/06/tale-of-two-frauds.html" target="_blank">comparative approaches to fraud</a> to the <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2012/06/nude-rambling-barclays-and-moral-hazard.html" target="_blank">relative crimes of Barclays and naked ramblers</a>.<br /><br />Today, the Guardian reported <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/jan/29/metropolitan-police-virgin-media-lord-chief-justice" target="_blank">'Metropolitan police accused of acting on behalf of big business'</a> - helping make arrests for Virgin to bring a private prosecution for fraud, for which Virgin paid the Met. Many people, including Green London Assembly member Jenny Jones have highlighted the apparent ability of corporations to buy justice:<br /><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en">We have a form of private policing by <a href="https://twitter.com/metpoliceuk">@metpoliceuk</a> which I think is plain wrong: <a href="http://t.co/opg5xfQxAP">http://t.co/opg5xfQxAP</a> Better justice for rich?<br />— Jenny Jones (@GreenJennyJones) <a href="https://twitter.com/GreenJennyJones/statuses/428759218989318144">January 30, 2014</a></blockquote><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><br /><br />Labour MP <a href="https://twitter.com/tom_watson" target="_blank">Tom Watson</a> said: "This sounds like emerging two-tier policing where corporate interests can buy the time of the police, leaving those who can't offer remuneration losing out. This is creeping privatisation with big business hiring police powers."<br /><br />Of course the law is far from equal, especially since the massive cuts to legal aid which will undermine the ability of the less well-off to seek justice.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.zath.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/virgin-media-hd-v-box-set-top-box.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.zath.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/virgin-media-hd-v-box-set-top-box.jpg" height="134" width="200" /></a>But another aspect of this story caught my eye, and that was the sentencing of those who supplied imported set-top boxes to allow people to watch cable TV without subscription.<br /><br />"Munaf Zinga received eight years' imprisonment, and two other men were also convicted. They had sold 400,000 boxes over more than three and a half years."<br /><br />Eight years imprisonment: there is no suggestion violence was involved, no one was killed, and there is no suggestion that any of those prosecuted posed a threat to the public. They supplied set-up boxes to people who wanted them, made some money, but Virgin estimated the equivalent income would have been £144 million a year. For reference Virgin Media still managed to scrape a <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1422975c-d572-11e1-b306-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2rvLgT81J" target="_blank">profit last year of £1,030 million</a>.<br /><br />So why then was a man sentenced to eight years in prison. <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/may/26/rape-sentence-average-eight-years-justice-figures" target="_blank">For reference eight years imprisonment is the average sentence for rape</a>. Is selling illegally imported set-top boxes (even in large quantity) as bad as raping someone? And is it worth 8 years in prison?Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-38140637811470586832014-01-26T14:43:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.223-07:00Review: The Poverty of Capitalism ... but a wealth of insight<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://fbcdn-sphotos-b-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-frc3/s526x296/1175128_523277154419691_43363999_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://fbcdn-sphotos-b-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-frc3/s526x296/1175128_523277154419691_43363999_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-b-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-frc3/s526x296/1175128_523277154419691_43363999_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><i><a href="https://twitter.com/AndrewFisher79" target="_blank">Andrew Fisher</a>, LEAP Co-ordinator, reviews <a href="https://twitter.com/jhilary" target="_blank">John Hilary</a>'s 'The Poverty of Capitalism: Economic Meltdown and the Struggle for What Comes Next'. Published by Pluto Press.</i><br /><br /><a href="http://waronwant.org/" target="_blank">War on Want</a>'s Executive Director John Hilary has been an outspoken and radical advocate of the global movement for social justice. Unafraid to speak plainly, to step outside and even condemn the cosy coalitions and tame agendas of some other NGOs. As such, it was with much anticipation that I started to read <i>The Poverty of Capitalism</i>.<br /><br />The book not only draws upon Hilary's encyclopaedic knowledge of the global players and the struggles they provoke around the world for social justice, but also develops new theoretical underpinnings and useful concepts to better understand the global struggle against the power of almighty capital.<br /><br />Hilary's fearless analysis not only takes on the known evils of globalisation - including the big corporations, the far from objective global economic institutions and the bought and paid for politicians. But it also takes aim at the wolves in sheep's clothing: the philanthropists, aid agencies and NGOs providing a humanitarian facade for a corporate agenda (reminiscent of the role of missionaries for the British Empire).<br /><br />Like any well-researched book, it contains a number of great tidbits to develop the main thesis, including the quotes from Pentagon's 2012 paper on the 'Joint Operational Access Concept' which make it clear the US will go to war for resources - as it did in Afghanistan and Iraq - stating:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">"the United States must maintain the credible capability to project military force into any region of the world in support of those interests. Thus includes the ability to force both into the global commons to ensure their use and into foreign territory as required."</blockquote>Another also relates to the US, as we learn that 60% of personal bankruptcies in that country are caused by medical bills. <br /><br />But the most important point in the book is to detail the corrupt power structures that keep the poor poor and the rich rich. In doing so, concepts like 'popular sovereignty', 'common ownership' and 'social production' are introduced and explained in developing the case for a democratic and ecologically sustainable transition in the global economy.<br /><br />This is not an abstract vision, but rooted in social movements from across many of the most developed and successful of which are from Latin America, Africa and Asia. And it is this that perhaps gives the book its power - as the reader is transported along a compelling narrative from technical analysis of the realities of global realpolitik and economic institutaions, to an conceptual outlining of alternatives to the discontented struggling and often succeeding to make those alternatives a reality.<br /><br />Those realities could take us, as Hilary labels the final chapter, 'Beyond Capitalism'. I'm in.<br /><br /><i>Andrew Fisher edited <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2011/07/you-cant-control-what-you-dont-own.html" target="_blank">'Building the new common sense: social ownership for the 21st century'</a>.</i>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-2426352422833183482014-01-25T05:26:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.232-07:00The two faces of Ed Balls <br />During the Labour leadership election, many people were impressed by Ed Balls' apparent conversion to a social democratic economic settlement as espoused in his <a href="http://www.edballs.co.uk/blog/?p=907" target="_blank">Bloomberg speech</a>.<br /><br /><a href="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02723/Ed-Balls-CBI_2723364b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02723/Ed-Balls-CBI_2723364b.jpg" height="124" width="200" /></a>But since then Balls has committed a Labour government in 2015 to sticking with Tory spending plans for at least the first year. He has also said that Labour will not promise to reverse Tory cuts, and that Labour would have to make more in office. He has supported the public sector pay freeze, while Ed Miliband somewhat contradictorily waxes on about the cost of living crisis.<br /><br />This morning the media was filled with similar tough messages, briefing ahead of Balls' speech at the Fabian Society, including the parliamentary garbage that "Balls will promise to legislate for new fiscal rules within 12 months of the general election, including a commitment to a budget surplus by the end of the parliament". Legislate for it? Really? Will the chancellor be surcharged if the target is not met? Or will a technocrat be installed to make cuts? It really is nonsense. On the upside, it should be noted that Balls is committing to a current account surplus, which allows for borrowing for capital investment - see <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/05/borrowing-for-growth-some-advice-for-ed.html" target="_blank">'Borrowing for Growth - some advice for Ed'</a>.<br /><br /><a href="http://blogs.ft.com/westminster/files/2010/08/balls-balls-balls.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://blogs.ft.com/westminster/files/2010/08/balls-balls-balls.jpg" height="125" width="200" /></a>Nevertheless, like any wannabe chancellor, Balls knows how to pull a rabbit out of a hat. And so the tough, 'we'll enforce austerity too' message will be overshadowed by a debate about a modestly higher rate of income tax on a few high earners. It is very welcome that Balls has committed to restoring the 50% tax rate on those earning over £150,000. It was probably the most popular policy in Gordon Brown's premiership.<br /><br />What is also welcome, and will hopefully be widely reported, is that Balls also said:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">"The latest figures show that those earning over £150,000 paid almost £10 billion more in tax in the three years when the 50p top rate of tax was in place than when the government conducted its assessment of the tax back in 2012"</blockquote>This corrects the crap put out by the Treasury in its <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/press-release-questions-to-answer-over.html" target="_blank">dodgy dossier of the 2012 Budget</a>. Both the move to pledge to restore the 50% rate and the analysis is welcome, and hints at a return to '<br />Bloomberg Balls'.<br /><br />However, before Labour activists start getting weak at the knees about a return to some form of modest social democracy, Balls also told the Fabian conference that Labour supported the benefit cap, the public sector pay freeze, thought public utilities belonged in the open market, and that universal winter fuel payments for pensioners should be means-tested.<br /><br />We've seen the two faces of Ed Balls today in one day. Capitulating to Osborne, the financial markets and the Murdoch media this morning, while throwing a modest redistributive morsel to the left at lunchtime. Bon appetit!Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-55703017818679378662014-01-13T01:01:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.263-07:00House prices go further beyond reach<div class="row-fluid"><div class="lead"><i></i></div><div class="lead"><br /></div><div class="lead"><a href="http://www.primetorontoneighbourhoods.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/rising-house-prices-toronto1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.primetorontoneighbourhoods.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/rising-house-prices-toronto1.jpg" width="244" /></a><i>Prices set to continue to rise as help-to-buy scheme drive's inflation housing market</i></div><div class="lead"><br /></div><div class="lead"><b>by Ryan Fletcher </b></div><div class="lead"><br /></div><div class="lead">House prices surged further beyond the average person's reach in 2013 with a full-year 7.5 per cent rise to December the biggest in six years, Halifax bank revealed yesterday. </div></div><div class="row-fluid"><br /></div>Prices are likely to shoot up even further this year as a lack of new homes and the government's controversial help-to-buy scheme combine to drive inflation in the market.<br /><br />Taxpayer-backed help-to-buy sees our money used to underwrite high-risk 95 per cent mortgages that banks had stopped handing out to avoid bad debt.<br /><br />But Left Economic Advisory Panel co-ordinator Andrew Fisher said: "With house prices rising at nearly 10 times the rate of wages, more mortgage funding is not the solution.<br /><br />"If interest rates rise, as many predict in the next 18 months, many people could end up being burned by this scheme."<br /><br />He said that an urgent mass council house-building programme was needed instead.<br />"This would help those in most housing need, for whom help-to-buy does nothing and be a far better economic stimulus than inflating another debt bubble."<br /><br />In the Commons yesterday shadow communities secretary Hilary Benn (right)called for an end to speculation where greedy investors buy land, gain planning permission and sit on it, sometimes for years, until prices rise so that they can cash in the profits.<br /><br />Mr Benn said local authorities should be able to tell companies to "get on and build the houses you said you would" and slap them with a levy if they don't comply.<br /><br />But he stopped short of committing a Labour government to a centrally funded building scheme.<br /><br />However Tory MP Alec Shelbrooke accused Labour of planning "Stalinist tactics of land seizure" if they win the 2015 election.<br /><br /><i>This article first appeared in <a href="http://morningstaronline.co.uk/a-aecf-House-prices-go-further-beyond-reach" target="_blank">the Morning Star</a> on 9 January</i> Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-35067400812725713772013-12-17T01:07:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.277-07:00Hamstrung SFO not capable of holding bankers to account<br /><a href="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/05/27/prem_sikka_140x140.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/05/27/prem_sikka_140x140.jpg" /></a><b>Prem Sikka</b> <br /><br />Iceland has sent four former directors of its bank <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25349240">Kaupthing</a> to prison for fraud. But the chances of similar legal action happening in the UK are low, where fraud investigators have a poor record.<br /><br />The Serious Fraud Office (SFO) is the main agency for investigating and prosecuting major fraud. It was formed in 1988 after a spate of high-profile cases. A government-sponsored inquiry into share price rigging at <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/34910.stm">Guinness</a> in the 1980s concluded that too many executives at major corporations had a “cynical disregard of laws and regulations … cavalier misuse of company monies … contempt for truth and common honesty. All these in a part of the City which was thought respectable”.<br /><br />But rather than changing corporate laws, amending personal liability of directors, or creating an effective enforcement agency, the government created the SFO.<br /><br />Last week, the SFO’s case against businessman <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/law/2013/dec/10/corruption-trial-businessman-collapes-serious-fraud-office-victor-dahdaleh">Victor Dahdaleh</a> collapsed because at the last minute it could not provide evidence of alleged graft. This is not the only case the SFO has botched. It spent between £25-40m investigating price-fixing by <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/lawreports/joshuarozenberg/3546193/Biggest-SFO-case-finally-collapses.html">pharmaceutical companies</a> supplying the UK’s National Health Service (NHS), but the case collapsed because of errors in the interpretation of law.<br /><br />Previously, the SFO was very slow in taking action against <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/law/2013/sep/13/bae-systems-lost-serious-fraud-office">BAE Systems</a> over allegations of corrupt practice. The SFO mislaid 32,000 documents relating to the case. It is currently facing a lawsuit for damages from the <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financial-crime/10154448/Vincent-Tchenguiz-vows-to-butcher-SFO-over-dropped-fraud-case.html">Tchenguiz brothers</a> after dropping a three-year investigation into the collapse of Icelandic bank Kaupthing.<br /><br /><h2>Bigger beasts</h2><br />In 2012-13, the <a href="http://www.sfo.gov.uk/media/256255/30597%20hc%209.pdf">SFO</a> brought 12 cases covering 20 individuals, eventually securing 14 convictions and recovering £11.4m from fraudsters. But it rarely went after the bigger beasts. <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/dec/11/hsbc-bank-us-money-laundering">Money laundering</a> and <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/aug/14/standard-chartered-pay-fine-regulator">sanctions busting</a> by British banks did not appear on its radar. The SFO has hardly been visible in investigating and prosecuting the misdemeanours of bankers who brought the UK economy close to collapse.<br /><br />In mitigation, it might be argued that the SFO’s failures are the outcome of the politics of government cuts. In 2008-09, the SFO had an investigations and prosecutions budget of £52m. Despite the banking crash, <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18671255">LIBOR rigging</a> and other scandals, the UK government has drastically reduced SFO’s resources.<br /><br />For 2013-14 its <a href="http://www.sfo.gov.uk/media/256255/30597%20hc%209.pdf">budget</a> is £30m and will decline to £28.8 million for 2014-15. That is a cut of over 44% since the start of the global financial crisis.<br /><br />Faced with a reduced budget and pay freezes, the SFO has been losing experienced staff and outsourcing a lot of its legal work, often paying very <a href="http://www.legalweek.com/legal-week/news/2306747/sfo-spending-more-on-legal-fees-despite-government-funding-cuts">high fees</a>. Such practices make it difficult to build in-house expertise and an institutional memory.<br /><br />Other countries seem to assign higher priority to fraud investigation. The US equivalent, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), has an annual budget of US$1.674 billion (about £1.1 billion). It is therefore in a far stronger position to <a href="http://www.sec.gov/News/Page/List/Page/1356125649507">take on the bigger beasts</a>. The SEC has its shortcomings, but it is more likely to get a result than the SFO.<br /><br /><h2>Ineffective patchwork</h2><br />The SFO’s failures are indicative of Britain’s failure to build durable and effective institutional structures to fight financial crime. Rather than a single powerful and well resourced agency, there is an ineffective patchwork of institutions.<br /><br />These include the Financial Conduct Authority (<a href="http://www.fca.org.uk/">FCA</a>), the Office of Fair Trading (<a href="http://www.oft.gov.uk/">OFT</a>), The National Crime Agency (<a href="http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/">NCA</a>) Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (<a href="http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/">HMRC</a>), the <a href="http://www.cps.gov.uk/">Crown Prosecution Service</a>, the <a href="http://www.londonstockexchange.com/home/homepage.htm">London Stock Exchange</a> and the <a href="http://www.frc.org.uk/">Financial Reporting Council</a>, to name just a few. The overlapping and often unclear boundaries result in duplication, waste, obfuscation, delays, poor accountability and outright failures.<br /><br />Any effective fight against globalised financial crime needs to streamline its institutional structures. In the age of globalisation the UK cannot fight financial crime on a shoestring, with puny organisations. Large parts of the patchwork should be replaced by a UK equivalent of the SEC.<br /><br />But a new organisation would not be able to combat wealthy elites or giant corporations without significant resources. This might be expensive, but it is an investment that would pay off.<br /><br /><ul><li><i>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/hamstrung-sfo-not-capable-of-holding-bankers-to-account-21545" target="_blank">The Conversation website</a></i></li></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-65918338839651966282013-12-05T04:12:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.308-07:00Autumn Statement 2013: Evaluating Osborne ... 15% successful!<br /><a href="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02352/George-Osborne_2352896b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02352/George-Osborne_2352896b.jpg" width="320" /></a>Are the austerians right and the opponents of austerity proved wrong? Is Osborne's strategy vindicated?<br /><br />Let's judge by his own standards. In June 2010, just as the ink had dried on the coalition agreement, George Osborne rushed to the House of Commons to deliver an '<a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2010/06/budget-redistribution-from-poor-to-big.html" target="_blank">Emergency Budget</a>'.<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">"It supports a strong enterprise-led recovery. It rewards work. And it protects the most vulnerable in our society. Yes it is tough; but it is also fair."</blockquote>With this rhetoric, Osborne opened his remarks. But the devil was in the detail of the accompanying forecasts. So how has he done 3 years on? We evaluate:<br /><br />Osborne predicted that economic growth would be 2.8% this year - a target he may get close to (we'll find out next month), but that was on the back on growth of 2.8% last year as well (instead, in 2012 the economy grew by just 0.2%). The OBR predicts that growth will be 1.4% in 2013 (but this is still an underestimate)<br /><br />Far from being back on track, the UK economy still lags 2.5% below where we were in 2008. So at best half marks for Osborne on economic growth. And that's before we factor in <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/should-osborne-be-praying-for-economy.html" target="_blank">growing concerns about the sustainability of George's recovery</a>. Half marks.<br /><ul><li>Economic growth 0.5/1</li></ul>That same June 2010 forecast predicted that average wage growth in 2013/14 would be 4.9%. With average wage 'growth' currently at just 0.7% there is no gentle way to put this, that was woefully wrong.<br /><br />While this year the FTSE100 directors will see their seven-figure salaries increase by an average of 14%, for the rest of us there is no recovery. People's incomes have been cut in real terms. The ONS points out that the median household income has dropped 6.4% for working age households over the last five years. Fail.<br /><br /><ul><li>Wages 0/1</li></ul>Unemployment has declined marginally in recent months, but is still high at 7.6% of the economically active population. That figure however conceals stubbornly high youth unemployment and long-term unemployment - failed by shambolic government programmes.<br /><br />In 2010, Osborne told us unemployment would today be just 6.8%. So 250,000 fewer people should be unemployed today had Osborne hit his target. Fail.<br /><ul><li>Unemployment 0/1</li></ul>Given Osborne erroneously said he would deal with "our country's record debts" (they were nowhere near record levels) with austerity, one would assume he would have at least had some success in reducing our debt (or at least stemmed the rate of rising debt).<br /><br />By now, predicted Osborne in 2010, our debt should be 73.7% of GDP. Instead it's 75.5%.<br /><br />But much of that is because GDP is far lower than predicted, so not even half marks for getting close, so quarter marks.<br /><ul><li>Debt 0.25/1</li></ul>The reason the Chancellor is not reducing the debt, is because the deficit has not been closed at anything like the rate he predicted. By now the deficit should have been just 5% of GDP. Today Osborne announced it would be 6.8%. In cash terms they predicted £63 billion in 2010, but today it's £111bn - 75% higher than the 2010 forecast. So he'll borrow £198 billion more than he planned. Fail.<br /><ul><li>Deficit 0/1</li></ul><br /><b>Overall 0.75 out of 5 (or 15%)</b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-67275827183232131722013-12-03T23:49:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.321-07:00Are you really worse off? Er, yes.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://personalmoney.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/cost-of-living.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="132" src="http://personalmoney.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/cost-of-living.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Labour has recently made some headway with its message that there is a cost of living crisis - which has continued despite <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/should-osborne-be-praying-for-economy.html" target="_blank">Osborne's recovery</a>. This feeds a number of other important messages, including that this is a recovery for the rich, and that you're being ripped off - and so the energy price freeze fits into the same narrative.<br /><br />The average non-retired household is today 6.4% worse off since the recession - that was the finding of a <a href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_341133.pdf" target="_blank">report</a><a href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_341133.pdf" target="_blank"> by the Office for National Statistics</a> out earlier this week. It showed that the average household income fell from £37,900 to £32,600, in real terms over the last five years.<br /><br />In fact, the average household is £300 a year worse off than it was in 2002/03. There is therefore a 'lost decade' of stagnation for household incomes.<br /><br />This decline in income triggered entitlement to extra benefits (e.g tax credits) so that benefits rose from providing 7.6% to 12.3% of gross income for the median household. This is fundamentally a redistribution in the cost of living from the employer to the state - as a result of pay freezes and pay caps. So when Labour talks about a structural welfare spending cap (not <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/the-myths-of-benefit-cap.html" target="_blank">individual benefit caps which are disgraceful</a>) it is alluding to this phenomenon, and pledging to deal with the structural issues - and advocating the living wage is a part of tackling low pay subsidies like tax credits.<br /><br /><a href="http://i3.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article131932.ece/ALTERNATES/s615/image-2-for-editorial-pics-18-may-2011-gallery-252450009-131932.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="132" src="http://i3.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article131932.ece/ALTERNATES/s615/image-2-for-editorial-pics-18-may-2011-gallery-252450009-131932.jpg" width="200" /></a>The resonance that Labour has had with this line has rattled the Tories.<br /><br />So, in a blatantly politically-driven misanalysis, HM Treasury has produced data that shows compensation for workers has stayed the same, but what they don't see is that employers are paying more in national insurance and pension contributions. The idea that wages have been cut to sustain or even increase profits is, apparently, a myth.<br /><br />Sky's economic correspondent, <a href="http://www.edmundconway.com/2013/12/are-british-workers-really-missing-out-the-treasury-thinks-not/" target="_blank">Ed Conway, says the Treasury report</a> explains:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">"Overall compensation includes not just wages but also the social contributions made by employers, including pension contributions and National Insurance Contributions. Technically-speaking, these are forms of payment, except that because they don’t go straight into your pocket they don’t feel particularly obvious."</blockquote><br />In fact a less kind interpretation of this Tory spin - still not on the Treasury website - is that because it doesn't goes into your pocket, it's not really payment.<br /><br />So the Tory argument is that pay has gone down (Ed Miliband's cost of living crisis) due to NI contributions going up (all Gordon Brown's fault) and pension contributions going up (your fault for living longer).<br /><br />However, the argument doesn't really stack up for several reasons:<br /><ol><li>Pension contributions have only gone up in real terms for funded pension schemes - which most workers don't have</li><li>Part of the reason extra pension contributions are needed are due to pension holidays taken by employers in the 1990s</li><li>Is the logic of the Treasury analysis of NI rise that a cut in NI would be passed on to workers in higher wages</li><li>If that's the case why have the cuts in corporation tax not been passed on to workers then? Because corporation tax has fallen from 33% to 28% under New Labour, and now down to 22%.</li><li>If we're all actually no worse off why - by official figures - are a million more of us living in poverty? Why are half a million of us using food banks this year?</li></ol><i>(There's a more detailed and wonkish <a href="http://touchstoneblog.org.uk/2013/12/does-the-treasury-story-on-wages-stack-up" target="_blank">analysis by the TUC's Duncan Weldon here</a>)</i> <br /><br />So was this just a political attack to try to blunt Labour's resonant cost of living line? If so, it's another sign of the civil service being used for party political purposes (and <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/coalitions-dodgy-dossier-questions-that.html" target="_blank">not the first time either</a>).<br /><br />But it's an indication that ahead of this year's Autumn Statement, Osborne has only spin to offer.<br /><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-52511005926244583012013-11-30T00:43:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.352-07:00Tax justice undermined by cuts<br />As Margaret Hodge MP, chair of the Commons Public Accounts Committee, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/nov/25/margaret-hodge-attacks-tax-policies" target="_blank">recently pointed out</a>, the UK is at bottom of OECD league table when it comes to tax take.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhARuV0n9WQbVASDGgPFHwAdhoYjeABqq3nbl9jSks-DTAca4N8Z9JPYQe0hsLLL8mssjrmTICzQ_yyjl6U-cmpE97eFHQgLEOwGqZPnSG0HjGgQ-M-FPpbNaF-F_ItyKgUg6o7sgufLmdn/s1600/HMRCstaff.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhARuV0n9WQbVASDGgPFHwAdhoYjeABqq3nbl9jSks-DTAca4N8Z9JPYQe0hsLLL8mssjrmTICzQ_yyjl6U-cmpE97eFHQgLEOwGqZPnSG0HjGgQ-M-FPpbNaF-F_ItyKgUg6o7sgufLmdn/s320/HMRCstaff.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Hodge specifically took aim at the government: describing the tax system for corporations and the super-rich as "increasingly voluntary".<br /><br />She said there was a "growing gap between rhetoric and reality" from this government (we've pointed out there are several reasons why you shouldn't take this government seriously on tax justice). <br /><br />And the HMRC's own half-year report should give further cause for concern - highlighting the impact of staff cuts. Their target is to 'clear' 80% of post within 15 working days. They achieved only 77%. This may not seem like much of a failure until you find the reason: "the deployment of teams from post to phone lines during peak periods of customer demand".<br /><br />So how did call handling get on? They answered only 72.7% of calls, far short of their 90% target. If self-employed people, small and medium sized businesses don't get their inquiries, requests and queries <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span>answered - and answered satisfactorily - are they more or less likely to comply correctly with their tax obligations? And if the message is sent that the department is under-resourced, will wealthy individuals and big business be more or less likely to attempt to dodge their taxes?<br /><br />It's not just the HMRC's call and post handling that is struggling. <a href="http://pcs.org.uk/en/news_and_events/pcs_comment/index.cfm/is-hmrc-running-down-offices-to-justify-closures" target="_blank">Last week it was announced</a> that 1,500 staff in personal taxes and compliance and 480 in debt management are being targeted for a voluntary exit scheme to cut staff costs. These are the staff who collectively bring in billions of pounds of taxes - which fund public services.<br /><br />As the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=555974864447712&set=pb.476242995754233.-2207520000.1385800361.&type=3&theater" target="_blank">PCS graphic</a> shows, HMRC is suffering massive staffing cuts - with the latest tranche announced just this week <a href="http://pcs.org.uk/en/news_and_events/pcs_comment/index.cfm/fight-to-stop-hmrc-jobs-cull-plan" target="_blank">with 3,000 staff brought in to cover short-staffing in the firing line</a>. Since 2005, 34,000 jobs have gone from HMRC and another 10,000 are planned by 2015 under the government's spending cuts.<br /><br />What's clear is that if we are serious about tax justice, then a big part of that campaign must be to ensure that HMRC has the staff required to take on the £75 billion of tax evasion, £25 billion of tax avoidance and over £20 billion in uncollected taxes.<br /><br />The tax dodging of Amazon, Starbucks, Google, Boots and others has rightly come unders scrutiny. But there also needs to be rigorous scrutiny about the political undermining of our tax revenue collection system.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-86192666118322103662013-11-26T08:24:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.361-07:00The problem of the buy-to-let parasites<br /><a href="http://www.if.org.uk/wp-content/themes/ifv1/images/if-logo-small.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.if.org.uk/wp-content/themes/ifv1/images/if-logo-small.png" /></a>There was a <a href="http://www.if.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Why-BTL-Equals-Big-Tax-Rip-off.pdf" target="_blank">good report</a> out yesterday by the Intergenerational Foundation (IF), which found that <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c7cb35e4-539c-11e3-9250-00144feabdc0.html" target="_blank">'UK taxpayers provide £5bn annual subsidy for buy-to-let landlords'</a>, as the FT headlined its piece.<br /><br />One of the key thrusts of <a href="http://www.if.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Why-BTL-Equals-Big-Tax-Rip-off.pdf" target="_blank">the report</a> is that buy-to-let properties are treated as businesses for tax purposes, although the IF believes they are more comparable to investments.<br /><br />In tax terms, this means buy-to-let landlords can deduct interest on the mortgage of their rented property from taxable rent income. In addition, property owners can deduct 10% from rent received to account for repair and depreciation expenses - without having to provide any evidence of spending on the property.<br /><br />It also found a number of 'loopholes' exploited by landlords, including that if the landlord occupies the property for as little as six months in the 36 months before it is sold, any gains accrued on the property in that period will not be subject to capital gains tax.<br /><br />Having said all that, the framing of this by the IF is appalling. Ashley Seager, co-founder of the Intergenerational Foundation gave this quote to the media to coincide with the report's release:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">"It is clear that most of these tax write-offs go to older landlords keen to take advantage of both the lack of housing supply and the demand for properties to rent by the under-35s" </blockquote>As if the prime issue here is the old exploiting the young! No, no, no. This is an issue of a few wealthy individuals (the report says 4% of the population are landlords, which seems high) exploiting the mass of people who can't afford to buy.<br /><br /><a href="http://assets.vice.com/content-images/contentimage/no-slug/a661b05f9ac282ede3b32bcf999c125e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://assets.vice.com/content-images/contentimage/no-slug/a661b05f9ac282ede3b32bcf999c125e.jpg" width="320" /></a>The issue is the structures that allow the accumulation of wealth, and further allow those with accumulated wealth to live parasitically from the work of others. This is about wealth, not age (income inequality has a cumulative effect so of course those with wealth are likely to be older). <br /><br />And it's not only an issue for those tenants (young and old) paying ever increasing rents, and increasingly unaffordable rents (<a href="http://www.londonrents.org.uk/" target="_blank">especially in London as this website shows</a>). It's an issue for us all as an increasing proportion of tenants are having to be bailed out by housing benefit - as wages have fallen relative to rental prices - and so the welfare state is helping to fund landlords too. In the last two years, 93% of new housing benefit claimants have been from households in which at least one person works.<br /><br />To try to fit this good analysis and report within the IF's intergenerational divide narrative is mistaken and misses the point. (This is not the first time <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/dont-be-distracted-by-exaggerated.html" target="_blank">we've taken issue with IF analysis</a> and the National Pensioners' Convention's Dot Gibson responds well to intergenerational divide framing in the <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/nov/25/older-people-troubles-forgotten" target="_blank">Guardian letters page</a> today).<br /><br />The IF rightly argues that landlords' housing is comparable to an investment (and should be taxed as such), but housing is a basic human need. It is not comparable, morally, with other investments like stamp collections, fine art, wine collections, shares or savings accounts.<br /><br />Housing is a human right. Amassing wealth is not. Yet, this government is prepared to cap benefits, not rents. Even if it means homelessness for some - and the indignity of temporary or overcrowded accommodation for many more - in the Tory mind, nothing must interfere with landlords' inalienable right to own as many properties as they like and leech off of the hard-working tenants and taxpayers.<br /><br />The IF's policy proposals are good (p.37 of <a href="http://www.if.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Why-BTL-Equals-Big-Tax-Rip-off.pdf" target="_blank">the report</a>) but could go further: why not limit the number of homes an individual can own? Why not restore the right of councils to control rents (which they had until 1989) to protect tenants? Why not introduce <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2009/12/uk-needs-annual-land-value-tax.html" target="_blank">a Land Value Tax</a> so that disused property is brought into use, and to fund new council build? Or why not introduce a Wealth Tax <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2010/10/no-cuts-introduce-wealth-tax-instead.html" target="_blank">(as advocated here by Greg Philo here</a>) or greater inheritance tax? And why not, perhaps least radically of all, ensure a much more progressive system of general taxation to restrict the accumulation of excess wealth in the first place?<br /><br />Until we challenge the right of a few to accumulate excessive wealth, we will never end exploitation in either the housing market or the labour market.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-19528977253485427352013-11-21T10:58:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.392-07:00Should Osborne be praying for the economy to stall?<br /><a href="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Environment/Pix/columnists/2011/10/3/1317657900358/Chancellor-of-the-Exchequ-006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Environment/Pix/columnists/2011/10/3/1317657900358/Chancellor-of-the-Exchequ-006.jpg" width="320" /></a>After three quarters of economic growth, George Osborne has already transitioned from cautious optimism to full-on self congratulation. "The UK has been singled out as an example of the improvement and there is recognition that we have stuck to our economic plan", he said last month.<br /><br />Let's leave aside that he hasn't stuck to his plan at all (the deficit was forecast in 2010 to be far lower today than it is, and as a result of two flatlining years <a href="https://scontent-a-lhr.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ash2/538315_10151280867373201_2017247260_n.jpg" target="_blank">he is borrowing over £200 billion more than planned</a>). Let's even underplay that even today's public debt figures £8.1 billion this October, down from £8.2 billion for October last year, are hardly impressive.<br /><br />Nevertheless the level of UK economic growth in the last three quarters (nine months) has surprised and exceeded most independent forecasts. <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25017580" target="_blank">The Bank of England declared earlier this week</a> that <br />the UK is in "sustained recovery".<br /><br />Three consecutive quarters of reasonable growth (by historical standards) is fairly hard to dismiss. What economists now disagree about is not whether recovery has been <i>sustained</i>, but whether it is <i>sustainable</i>.<br /><br />There's a good analysis of this question by the <a href="http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2013/11/20/the-debt-the-recovery-owes-to-britains-debtors/" target="_blank">Independent's Ben Chu here</a>. The key point is that the recovery is driven (largely) by debt, which has been both encouraged (through schemes like <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/whats-wrong-with-help-to-buy.html" target="_blank">Help to Buy</a>) and enforced (through <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/02/britain-needs-pay-rise.html" target="_blank">declining real wages</a>, benefits and high unemployment). As the chart below, personal debt remains at crisis-era highs<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://blogs.independent.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/CSJ.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="411" src="http://blogs.independent.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/CSJ.png" width="640" /></a></div>The question therefore is can growth continue with debt at high levels and real incomes declining? The unstable retail sales figures - with <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24938048" target="_blank">October registering a fall</a> that confounded predictions - are a warning sign to the optimists.<br /><br />So the question is whether the recovery will stall - due to people reining in their spending without any compensating surge in government or corporate investment - or will it continue to grow as people take on ever greater debts?<br /><br />If the latter is the case, then the ultimate result may be a sharp crash, caused by unsustainable levels of debt. That scenario should make George Osborne pray for the economy to stall (while he devises a sustainable growth strategy - something some of his opponents have been advocating and outlining since 2010).Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-11740840666713250542013-11-19T11:54:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.402-07:00Once more on the great disappearing unemployment mystery ...<br />Last week we reported on <a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/the-great-unemployment-disappearing-act.html" target="_blank">the great unemployment disappearing act</a>, focusing on growing divergence between the claimant count and the ILO measure of unemployment (<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe01eArFmNAaCevMkcCl9AoLoXnAP7hsGjWgMmkoaH-JGpASmqYgIZR0UUF2HXQ3anQ5WC55VmJYp7DZp2vjZNobJcS1U7nNtTO06TBzHcqFxcRwISM-xuKr_So6ewiCRL4eRLLyoGp5tA/s640/CCILO_analysis.jpg" target="_blank">see graph</a>).<br /><br />But this growing disparity isn't uniform across the UK. As the chart below shows, there is a massive regional disparity between the claimant count and ILO unemployment in some UK regions, but a close correlation in others.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi2ltMhxIJ3mR2u_xz5Ll3HUOJ4vmS760l4jMBZJCwl3IzovdBsWDTveu4nZQm8143GDfMF5cM1rWm5uKIT8BHmUT4ojIjRv6jrHUBWgZDtJL-YIQwpxsSCMLKi94cbvGecaobFvW_pUCS/s1600/ILOCC_regional1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="385" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi2ltMhxIJ3mR2u_xz5Ll3HUOJ4vmS760l4jMBZJCwl3IzovdBsWDTveu4nZQm8143GDfMF5cM1rWm5uKIT8BHmUT4ojIjRv6jrHUBWgZDtJL-YIQwpxsSCMLKi94cbvGecaobFvW_pUCS/s640/ILOCC_regional1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />To make matters clearer the table below shows, for each region or nation of the UK the claimant count as a percentage of ILO unemployment:<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijCaeABn9lUt67vOnxUSlY7fyqcoKX4dWghiw_zPm_MYI_ftJLiGr09RpdDimxuDvzAGIZIwhnUnkuK3uA2MeZZY7iBxBTgEcyPRUa31Jh-gLickZWRFGbrtYn8FW4-WXW8sue0iTLvaPP/s1600/ILOCC_regional2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijCaeABn9lUt67vOnxUSlY7fyqcoKX4dWghiw_zPm_MYI_ftJLiGr09RpdDimxuDvzAGIZIwhnUnkuK3uA2MeZZY7iBxBTgEcyPRUa31Jh-gLickZWRFGbrtYn8FW4-WXW8sue0iTLvaPP/s1600/ILOCC_regional2.jpg" /></a></div><a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/the-great-unemployment-disappearing-act.html" target="_blank">Our 13 November analysis</a> highlighted the growing divergence between the two unemployment measures (showing that in 1993 the claimant count was 96% of ILO unemployment, but today is only 53%.<br /><br /><i>Health warning: the figures used are from the latest ONS Labour Market Survey stats, which for claimant count are October figures and for ILO measure are July-September. However, this difference in monthly accounting does not explain the sharp differences either within or between regions.</i><br /><br />However, across the UK there are massive disparities. So why is it that in London and the South if you're unemployed you are far less likely to claim jobseeker's allowance than if you're in the North East or Northern Ireland? And why does jobseeker's allowance reach so many more of the unemployed than everywhere else in the UK?<br /><br />What explains the differences? I honestly don't know, but I've posited some options below - please leave your views in the comments ...<br /><ul><li>Unemployed people in London and southern England are more likely to be ineligible for JSA due to household circumstances or personal savings</li><li>Bad data - the regional data for ILO unemployment is dodgy (the claimant count won't be as it's simply the number of people claiming JSA)</li><li>Sanctions are being unevenly imposed across different regions - disproportionately reducing the claimant count in some regions</li><li>The stigma of claiming benefits is stronger in some regions than others</li><li>Something else? Let us know in the comments ...</li></ul><b>UPDATE (21/11/13):</b> As was pointed out by Labour market stats wonk, <a href="https://twitter.com/PaulBivandCESI" target="_blank">Paul Bivand</a>, Northern Ireland has some devolved powers over social security - and the UK sanctions data (<a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/robbing-from-poor-328000-taken-from.html" target="_blank">analysed here</a>) doesn't include Northern Ireland. So is that the answer - is it due to a less stringent sanctions regime there?<br /><ul></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-32059436167755415062013-11-18T04:52:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.433-07:00Ralph Miliband and the Politics of Class Today<br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><strong>Wednesday 27 November</strong></span><br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><strong>7pm-8.30pm</strong></span><br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><strong>Parliament, Committee Room 9</strong></span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.coalitionofresistance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/john_mcdonnell.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="122" src="http://www.coalitionofresistance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/john_mcdonnell.jpg" width="200" /></a>With speakers including:<br /> <br /><strong><a href="https://twitter.com/johnmcdonnellMP" target="_blank">John McDonnell MP</a> (Chair), Colin Leys, Andrew Murray and <a href="https://twitter.com/hilarypepper" target="_blank">Hilary Wainwright</a></strong><br /> <br /><a href="http://www.eventbrite.com/e/ralph-miliband-and-the-politics-of-class-tickets-9294541223" target="_blank">Reserve your free place here.</a><a href="http://eventbrite.com/event/9294541223?utm_source=eb_email&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=new_eventv2&utm_term=eventurl_text" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0f90ba;"></span></a><br /> <br /><br />The Socialist Register was founded by Ralph Miliband and John Saville in 1964 as ‘an annual survey of movements and ideas’ from the standpoint of the independent new left. It is currently edited by Leo Panitch, Greg Albo and Vivek Chibber, assisted by an editorial collective of eminent scholars in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Each volume is focused on a topical theme and characterized by the inclusion of relatively long, sustained analyses which cut across intellectual disciplines and geographical boundaries.<br /> <br />The 50th volume of the Socialist Register is dedicated to the theme of 'registering class' in light of the spread and deepening of capitalist social relations around the globe. <br /> <br />Today's economic crisis has been deployed to extend the class struggle from above while many resistances have been explicitly cast in terms of class struggles from below. <br /> <br />This volume addresses how capitalist classes are reorganizing as well as the structure and composition of working classes in the 21st century.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-532540929589136198.post-82552984768116641332013-11-16T00:35:00.000-08:002014-03-30T05:45:00.441-07:00Tax Justice - Are you serious?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://weave.nine.ch/domains/taxjustice.net/cms/upload/bilder/logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://weave.nine.ch/domains/taxjustice.net/cms/upload/bilder/logo.jpg" /></a></div><br /><b>An event jointly organised by Action Aid, Christian Aid, Oxfam, Tax Justice Network, War on Want. </b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Monday, 25 November 2013 from 10:30 to 17:00 </b></span><br /><b><i>London, United Kingdom</i><br /></b><a href="http://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/tax-justice-are-you-serious-tickets-8491537417" target="_blank">Get tickets / register online</a><br /><br />With a great line up of speakers and panellists this promises to be a day that will make you think seriously about tax justice. <br /><b><b><br />Speakers and panellists include: </b><br /><br /><b>Margaret Hodge MP</b> - </b>Chair of the UK Public Accounts Committee<b><br /><a href="https://twitter.com/rbrooks45" target="_blank"><b>Richard Brooks</b></a> - </b>Private Eye,<b><br /><b>Andrew Masiye</b> - </b>Activista Zambia,<b><br /><b>John Christensen</b> - </b><a href="https://twitter.com/TaxJusticeNet" target="_blank">Tax Justice Network</a>,<b><br /><b>Alex Cobham</b> - </b>Centre for Global Development,<b><br /><b>Rosa Curling </b>- </b>Leigh Day,<b><br /><b>Tim Dixon</b> - </b>Purpose,<b><br /><b>Martin Drewry</b> - </b>Health Poverty Action,<b><br /><b>Rich Hawkins</b> - </b>PIRC,<b><br /><a href="https://twitter.com/jhilary" target="_blank"><b>John Hilary</b></a> - </b>War on Want,<b><br /><b>David Hillman </b>- </b><a href="https://twitter.com/robinhood" target="_blank">Robin Hood Tax Campaign</a>,<br /><b><b>Polly Jones</b> - </b>World Development Movement,<b><br />Government of<b> Jersey</b> representative,<br /><b>David McNair</b> - </b>Save the Children,<b><br /><a href="https://twitter.com/RichardJMurphy" target="_blank"><b>Richard Murphy</b></a> - </b>Tax Research UK,<b><br /><b>Louise Rouse</b> - </b>Share Action,<b><br /><a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/search/label/Prem%20Sikka" target="_blank"><b>Professor Prem Sikka</b></a> - </b>University of Essex,<b><br /><b>Michelle Stanistreet</b> - </b><a href="https://twitter.com/NUJofficial" target="_blank">National Union of Journalists</a><b><a href="https://twitter.com/NUJofficial" target="_blank"> </a><br /></b><br /><br />This past year has seen a momentous shift in public and political perception of the issue of tax fairness. <br /><br />Tax, who pays it and who doesn’t, has come to be the social and economic issue of the moment. And with good reason. Tax dodging is now a scandal in the minds of the public and politicians alike:<br /><br /><i>"Individuals and businesses must pay their fair share"</i> David Cameron in his speech to the World Economic Forum in Davos in January this year.<br /><br />Having already had huge tranches of public money shifted from public goods and services to bail out banks guilty of reckless lending; people have witnessed exposé after exposé of large multinationals and wealthy individuals refusing to pay back into the common weal and scorning their basic civic duty to pay a fair share of tax. People across the globe find themselves trapped in poverty while rich multinationals and individuals get away with not paying what they owe. <br /><br />People are angry - it’s time to build on this anger. <br /><br />In the past month a number of organisations and individuals have been discussing how we can convert the peaks of media and public outrage at tax avoidance into a strong, grassroots and citizen-led movement call for tax justice that this and future Governments cannot ignore. <br /><br />This event is an opportunity to join with other organisations, activists and thinkers, to hear from tax justice pioneers and critics, and to ask the hard questions and debate the tough issues.<br />Join us for the Tax dodging ‘Tax Justice – Are you serious?’ forum.<br /><br />If you intend to join us for the UK Gold screening & panel discussion at 6.30 please do <a href="http://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/the-uk-gold-qa-with-mark-donne-tickets-8510797023" target="_blank">confirm your tickets for the film here</a>.<br /><br /><br />See also:<br /><ul><li><a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2010/11/tax-justice-exposing-multi-billion.html" target="_blank">Tax justice - exposing the multi-billion fraud</a> </li><li><a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/tax-justice-becomes-movement.html" target="_blank">Tax justice becomes a movement</a></li><li><a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2010/09/mervyn-king-backs-tax-justice-campaign.html" target="_blank">Mervyn King backs the tax justice campaign?</a> </li><li><a href="http://leap-lrc.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/5-reasons-why-you-cant-take-this.html" target="_blank">5 reasons why you can't take the government seriously on tax justice</a> </li></ul><a href="http://inparticularorder.com/2013/11/25/tax-justice-yes-were-serious/" target="_blank">Read a report of the conference here</a> (via <a href="http://inparticularorder.com/" target="_blank">In particular order</a>) <br /><ul></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0